Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice
07:09

Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice

Published on: September 8, 2011

Constitutive activity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Tracy A Spalding1, Ethan S Burstein

  • 1Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA. tspalding@gnf.org

Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research
|April 6, 2006
PubMed

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Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
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