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Screening tests for intended medication adherence among the elderly.

Cynthia L Raehl1, C A Bond, Tresa J Woods

  • 1Clinical Research and Development, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106-1712, USA. Cynthia.Raehl@ttuhsc.edu

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|April 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Predicting elderly medication adherence is crucial for preventing adverse events. The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) test, along with age and socioeconomic factors, effectively predicts seniors

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Health Outcomes Research
  • Patient Adherence Studies

Background:

  • Medication nonadherence leads to preventable adverse events, hospitalizations, and poor health outcomes in the elderly.
  • Assessing medication adherence in seniors is vital but time-consuming for patients and healthcare providers.
  • Identifying efficient screening tools is essential for primary care and community pharmacy settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate screening tools for predicting elderly patients' intended medication adherence.
  • The focus is on tools suitable for primary care and community pharmacy implementation.
  • To determine predictors of intended medication adherence in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 57 English-speaking individuals aged 65+ from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds.

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  • Quantified intended medication adherence and analyzed relationships with demographic, medical, socioeconomic, and literacy variables.
  • Utilized multivariate analysis with the MedTake Test as the dependent variable.

    • Main Results:

    • Age, car ownership, food assistance receipt, number of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, and REALM scores predicted intended adherence.
    • The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) word-recognition pronunciation test was the strongest predictor (beta = 0.666, R2 = 0.271, p < 0.001).
    • Multivariate analysis identified key demographic and literacy factors influencing adherence intent.

    Conclusions:

    • The REALM test, age, OTC drug count, and two socioeconomic questions predict seniors' intent to adhere to oral medications.
    • Literacy, as measured by REALM, is a significant factor in medication adherence prediction.
    • These findings support the use of specific screening questions and literacy tests in clinical practice to assess adherence intent.