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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
Published on: October 13, 2023
Morphological features of enlarged parathyroid glands in B-mode-ultrasound
S Rewerk1, E Roessner, S Freudenberg
1Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Mannheim, Klinikum Mannheim gGmbH, Mannheim. stephan.rewerk@chir.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
Abstract:
Successful preoperative localisation of parathyroid glands is essential for minimal-invasive surgery of hyperparathyroidism. The knowledge of the sonomorphology of the parathyroid glands, therefore, is an important prerequisite. This article shows that the sonomorphology of normal and pathologically transformed parathyroid glands is subject to a wide variety. The often simplified standard description of parathyroid glands as hypoechogenic and oval may lead to false negative cervical ultrasound examinations.
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