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Binary gene induction and protein expression in individual cells.

Qiang Zhang1, Melvin E Andersen, Rory B Conolly

  • 1Division of Computational Biology, CIIT Centers for Health Research, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. qzhang@ciit.org

Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling
|April 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Gene induction can appear binary or graded at the protein level due to reporter gene choice. Computational models reveal experimental conditions influencing observed gene expression patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic gene transcription is debated to occur in binary (all-or-none) or graded (rheostat-like) modes.
  • Current evidence relies on reporter protein measurements in single cells, not direct gene template induction events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate conditions leading to binary or graded protein expression from binary gene induction.
  • Assess the impact of reporter gene properties on observed expression patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computational model of stochastic gene expression.
  • Simulated various biological and experimental conditions.
  • Analyzed parameter influences including promoter/product lifetimes, induction time, and detection sensitivity.

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Main Results:

  • Confirmed promoter/product lifetimes as key factors.
  • Identified induction time and detection sensitivity as crucial experimental variables.
  • Demonstrated that longer-lived, less sensitive reporters like GFP favor graded expression observation.

Conclusions:

  • Reporter gene selection can dictate whether protein expression appears binary, hybrid, or graded.
  • The underlying gene induction mechanism may still operate in an all-or-none fashion.