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Intratypic characterization of poliovirus type 1 isolates.

J M Deshpande1, K H Dave

  • 1Enterovirus Research Centre, Bombay.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Routine oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) immunization is insufficient to displace wild poliovirus, as evidenced by the isolation of non-vaccine-like strains even in highly vaccinated populations. Antigenic variants were more frequent after outbreaks.

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Epidemiology and infection·2003

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Poliovirus type 1 circulates globally, posing a significant public health challenge.
  • Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is a primary tool for polio eradication.
  • Understanding poliovirus strain diversity is crucial for effective vaccination strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To serodifferentiate poliovirus type 1 strains isolated from different epidemiological settings.
  • To investigate the efficacy of OPV in displacing wild poliovirus strains.
  • To characterize antigenic variants of poliovirus.

Main Methods:

  • Serodifferentiation of 607 poliovirus type 1 isolates using strain-specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies.
  • Analysis of isolates from epidemic, endemic, and vaccinated areas.
  • Epitope mapping of detected antigenic variants using monoclonal antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Both vaccine-like and non-vaccine-like poliovirus strains were isolated from an epidemic area (Marathwada) with mass OPV vaccination.
  • Only non-vaccine-like strains were found in an endemic area (Bombay).
  • Despite high OPV coverage (93%) in a previously vaccinated area (Emmaneshwaram), non-vaccine-like strains predominated, indicating OPV insufficiency in displacing wild virus.
  • A small number of antigenic variants were detected, with higher frequency following paralytic poliomyelitis outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • Routine OPV immunization alone may not be sufficient to eliminate wild poliovirus.
  • The emergence and circulation of non-vaccine-like strains and antigenic variants highlight the need for ongoing surveillance and potentially adapted vaccine strategies.
  • Mass vaccination campaigns following outbreaks may increase the frequency of antigenic variants.

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