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Published on: December 5, 2025
Non.invasive ventilation for adult acute respiratory failure. Part I
1Intensive Care Department, The Northern Hospital, Epping, VIC gduke@tnh.vic.gov.au Australia.
Summary
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) offers various modes like CPAP, PSV, BiPAP, and NIPPV to improve respiratory failure patients. These methods are recommended before invasive mechanical ventilation.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Critical Care Medicine
- Respiratory Physiology
Background:
- Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has a long history of use in managing acute and chronic respiratory disorders.
- It serves as an adjunct to conventional therapies, offering benefits in various clinical settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of non-invasive ventilation.
- Detailing its historical development, diverse modes of application, physiological impacts, and circuit designs.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted.
- Articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 1966 and 1998 were identified via MEDLINE search.
Main Results:
- Newer NIV modes, including CPAP, PSV, BiPAP, and NIPPV, offer significant advantages.
- These modes enhance arterial oxygenation, ventilation, reduce work of breathing, and improve cardiac function in respiratory failure.
- While beneficial for patients, NIV may impair respiration in healthy individuals.
Conclusions:
- Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) modes such as CPAP, PSV, BiPAP, and NIPPV are valuable therapeutic options.
- Consider NIV for respiratory failure patients unresponsive to standard treatments prior to invasive mechanical ventilation.
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