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Characterizing the normal heart using quantitative three-dimensional echocardiography.

T J Clark1, F H Sheehan, E L Bolson

  • 1University of Washington Cardiovascular Research and Training Center, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356422, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. tjclark@u.washington.edu

Physiological Measurement
|April 11, 2006
PubMed
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This study provides normative cardiac volume, geometry, and shape data using 3D echocardiography (3-DE) in healthy individuals. The findings establish reference values for left and right ventricular function and dimensions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of cardiac structure and function is crucial for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular diseases.
  • Three-dimensional echocardiography (3-DE) offers advanced capabilities for volumetric and geometric analysis of the heart.
  • Establishing normative data is essential for interpreting individual patient results and identifying abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present normative data on cardiac volume, geometry, and shape using 3-DE.
  • To provide reference values for left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction, and dimensions.
  • To characterize the geometry and shape of the mitral and tricuspid annuli (MA and TA) in a normal population.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized the piecewise smooth surface subdivision (PSSS) technique for 3D reconstruction of the LV and RV endocardium and MA and TA.
  • Analyzed data from 67 healthy subjects to derive cardiac volumetric and geometric parameters.
  • Compared 3-DE derived volumes and dimensions with other imaging modalities to assess consistency.

Main Results:

  • Derived LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) of 76.5 ± 16.8 ml/m², LV end-systolic volume index (ESVI) of 35.3 ± 14.1 ml/m², and LV ejection fraction (EF) of 56.1 ± 9.93%.
  • Derived RV EDVI of 93.2 ± 20.0 ml/m², RV ESVI of 49.9 ± 13.5 ml/m², and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) of 47.3 ± 7.69%.
  • Reported detailed geometric and shape data for the MA, TA, LV, and RV, with no consistent over- or understatement compared to other modalities.

Conclusions:

  • 3-DE provides reliable normative data for cardiac volume, geometry, and shape.
  • The established reference ranges are valuable for clinical interpretation and research in cardiovascular imaging.
  • Variances in data across imaging modalities can be explained by physics and protocol differences.