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Long-range interactions and evolutionary stability in a predator-prey system.

Erik M Rauch1, Yaneer Bar-Yam

  • 1MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 12, 2006
PubMed
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Ecosystems with spatial separation resist extinction, but long-range mixing can cause rapid global extinction. Even small increases in mixing may destabilize predator-prey and host-pathogen systems.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Evolving ecosystems often exhibit local dynamics but can include long-range transport, which mixes spatially separated populations.
  • Spatial separation is crucial for the long-term stability of predator-prey and host-pathogen systems, preventing rapid global extinction.
  • Complete mixing leads to swift global extinction, whereas spatial systems achieve stability through localized extinction patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the robustness of generic evolving predator-prey and host-pathogen models to the effects of long-range mixing.
  • To identify the critical thresholds of mixing that can lead to system instability and global extinction.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling of generic evolving predator-prey or host-pathogen systems.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of the impact of varying degrees of long-range spatial mixing on system dynamics.
  • Identification of transition points from stable spatial patterns to global extinction.

    • Main Results:

    • A transition to global extinction occurs at nontrivial mixing values.
    • Even systems with existing significant mixing can be driven to extinction by small additional mixing.
    • The spatial structure plays a critical role in maintaining ecosystem stability against mixing.

    Conclusions:

    • Long-range mixing poses a significant threat to the stability of ecological and epidemiological systems.
    • Human-induced species mixing and global disease transport can have severe consequences, potentially leading to widespread extinctions.
    • Understanding mixing thresholds is vital for conservation and disease management strategies.