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Related Experiment Videos

Vortex multiplication in applied flow: A precursor to superfluid turbulence.

A P Finne1, V B Eltsov, G Eska

  • 1Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland.

Physical Review Letters
|April 12, 2006
PubMed
Summary

A surface process in Helium-3 B generates vortices, preceding faster turbulence. This precursor is observed in low-friction rotating flow below 0.5Tc, linked to vortex-boundary interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Low-temperature physics
  • Quantum turbulence
  • Superfluidity

Background:

  • Superfluid Helium-3 B exhibits complex vortex dynamics.
  • Understanding vortex generation is crucial for superfluid turbulence.
  • Surface interactions can significantly influence quantum fluid behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a surface-mediated process generating vortices in Helium-3 B.
  • To investigate the precursor to faster, interaction-dominated turbulence.
  • To elucidate the role of vortex-boundary interactions in superfluid dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements in low-velocity rotating flow of Helium-3 B.
  • Controlled introduction of vortex loops.
  • Experiments conducted at temperatures below 0.5Tc with low mutual friction.

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  • Numerical calculations of vortex dynamics and instabilities.

    • Main Results:

    • A surface-mediated process generating vortices at a constant rate was identified.
    • This process acts as a precursor to a faster turbulent regime.
    • Vortex loop formation is linked to single vortex interaction with the sample boundary.
    • Numerical simulations confirmed single-vortex instability driven by Kelvin waves and wall reconnection.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface interactions play a key role in initiating quantum turbulence in Helium-3 B.
    • The identified precursor mechanism provides insight into the transition to fully developed turbulence.
    • Kelvin wave dynamics on vortex lines interacting with boundaries are critical for vortex generation.