Proteomics and heart disease: identifying biomarkers of clinical utility

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the industrialized world. Total worldwide deaths due to this disease are currently estimated at 17 million per year, and this number is expected to increase over the next several decades. To address this epidemic, a major effort has begun to develop new cardiovascular disease markers through the use of proteomic analysis, the global study of proteins. This review discusses strategies, recent technological advances and other issues in plasma/serum biomarker discovery for cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis lies on the needs for standardizing specimen collection, methods for reducing plasma proteome complexity to subproteomes, selection of appropriate technology platforms and strategies to evaluate candidates by multiplexed immune assays. The overall goal of this effort is to identify serum biomarkers for diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring and risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases.