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Related Experiment Videos

How plants cope with complete submergence.

L A C J Voesenek1, T D Colmer, R Pierik

  • 1Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA, Utrecht, the Netherlands. L.A.C.J.Voesenek@bio.uu.nl

The New Phytologist
|April 13, 2006
PubMed
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Plant, cell & environment·2014

Plants have evolved remarkable adaptations to survive flooding. This review explores how underwater photosynthesis, aerenchyma formation, and shoot elongation help plants cope with submerged conditions and oxygen deprivation.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Environmental Stress Physiology

Background:

  • Flooding significantly hinders terrestrial plant growth and survival due to reduced gas diffusion in water.
  • Limited entry of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis and oxygen (O2) for respiration poses a major challenge for plants in flooded environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review plant responses and adaptations to flooding and submergence.
  • To discuss the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying plant survival strategies during inundation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant responses to flooding.
  • Analysis of physiological adaptations such as underwater photosynthesis, aerenchyma formation, and shoot elongation.
  • Discussion of molecular regulatory networks and signaling pathways involved in submergence tolerance.

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Main Results:

  • Key adaptations include enhanced underwater gas exchange via thinner cuticles and increased specific leaf area.
  • Aerenchyma formation facilitates internal oxygen transport from shoots to roots.
  • Increased shoot elongation and vertical leaf adjustments help plants outgrow water levels.

Conclusions:

  • Plants employ a suite of integrated strategies to overcome oxygen deficiency and other stresses during flooding.
  • Further research into molecular mechanisms is needed to understand the induction of submergence tolerance adaptations.