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New antiemetic drugs.

F Roila1, S Fatigoni

  • 1Medical Oncology Division, Silvestrini Hospital, Perugia, Italy.

Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
|April 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

New antiemetic drugs like aprepitant and palonosetron show promise in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Further research is needed to establish optimal use for delayed emesis control.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a significant challenge.
  • Despite advancements, unmet needs persist for effective antiemetic therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of aprepitant (NK1 receptor antagonist) and palonosetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) in CINV prophylaxis.
  • To assess their role in managing acute and delayed emesis.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of published studies on aprepitant and palonosetron.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data regarding emesis control.

Main Results:

  • Aprepitant, combined with dexamethasone and a 5-HT3 antagonist, improved acute emesis control post-cisplatin and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
  • Aprepitant demonstrated efficacy in controlling delayed emesis, particularly with cisplatin.
  • Palonosetron showed comparable or superior efficacy to older 5-HT3 antagonists.

Conclusions:

  • Further comparative studies are required for aprepitant and palonosetron in CINV prevention.
  • Optimal combination therapies and use in delayed emesis require additional investigation.

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