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Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Katherine A Poehling1, Thomas R Talbot, Marie R Griffin

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2504, USA. katherine.poehling@vanderbilt.edu

JAMA
|April 13, 2006
PubMed

Insights

The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) significantly reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates in infants under 90 days old by 40%. This vaccine also eliminated previous racial disparities in IPD rates among infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae poses a significant health risk to young infants.
  • The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2000 for children aged 2-23 months.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of PCV7 introduction on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates in infants younger than 90 days.
  • To assess changes in IPD incidence before and after the vaccine's incorporation into the routine immunization schedule.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, population-based study was conducted in 8 US states from July 1997 to June 2004.
  • Laboratory surveillance data for invasive S. pneumoniae infections in infants aged 0-90 days were analyzed.
  • IPD rates were compared before (1997-2000) and after (2001-2004) PCV7 introduction, excluding a transition year.

Main Results:

  • Overall IPD rates in infants aged 0-90 days decreased by 40%, from 11.8 to 7.2 per 100,000 live births.
  • Rates of IPD significantly decreased among black infants (from 17.1 to 5.3 per 100,000), eliminating previous racial disparities.
  • Incidence of PCV7-serotype IPD dropped significantly, while non-PCV7 serotypes remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • PCV7 introduction has led to a significant decline in IPD rates among young infants.
  • The vaccine's impact extends to infants too young to be vaccinated, likely through reduced pathogen carriage in the community.
  • PCV7 vaccination has successfully addressed and eliminated racial disparities in IPD incidence among infants.
Abstract

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