Electrical relaxation of bismuth germanate silicate glasses

The frequency-dependent electrical data of the bismuth germanate silicate (BGSO) glasses have been discussed in the framework of the electric modulus representation and the power-law conductivity. The activation energies of the mean electric relaxation time and the direct current (dc) conductivity obtained by the complex modulus analysis show that the BGSO glasses satisfy the Barton, Nakajima, and Namikawa (BNN) relation. The proper relation between the exponent of the power-law conductivity and the stretched exponential of the modulus representation is shown. The temperature- and frequency-dependent characteristics of non-Debye behavior are discussed. The scaling properties of both the modulus M*(omega) and the alternating current (ac) conductivity sigma(omega) are examined.