Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
09:52

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity

Published on: March 16, 2018

Understanding drug ototoxicity: molecular insights for prevention and clinical management

Joshua G Yorgason1, Jose N Fayad, Federico Kalinec

  • 1Gonda Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, House Ear Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA.

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
|April 14, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Certain drugs like antibiotics and chemotherapy agents can cause hearing loss (ototoxicity). This review explores their mechanisms and clinical management, aiming to prevent and treat drug-induced hearing loss.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Ototoxicology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ototoxicity is a common side effect of essential medications, including aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics, loop diuretics, platinum-based chemotherapy, NSAIDs, and antimalarials.
  • The therapeutic benefits of these drugs often necessitate their use despite the risk of ototoxicity.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of drug-induced ototoxicity is crucial for managing and mitigating hearing loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review frequently used ototoxic drugs.
  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of drug-induced ototoxicity.
  • To provide clinical management strategies for ototoxic medications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ototoxic drugs and their mechanisms.
  • Analysis of cell and molecular pathways involved in ototoxicity.
  • Discussion of clinical management, detection, and monitoring of ototoxic effects.

Main Results:

  • Identified key drug classes associated with ototoxicity.
  • Summarized current knowledge on cellular and molecular mechanisms of ototoxicity.
  • Proposed strategies for clinical management, including early detection and drug monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Drug-induced ototoxicity is a significant clinical concern requiring careful management.
  • Further understanding of ototoxicity mechanisms may lead to novel prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Development of less toxic pharmacological alternatives is a future goal.

More Related Videos

The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration12:21

The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration

Published on: November 26, 2015

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection09:18

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection

Published on: March 8, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...