[Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropsychology: new horizons for brain research]

This review addresses the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a research tool of neuropsychological functions. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive and painless technique to modulate brain function that can be applied to conscious human beings and is based on a variable magnetic field. Using this technique, it is possible to generate virtual transient lesions in healthy people or modulate the brain activity, increasing or decreasing the activity of the stimulated areas. In this review we discuss studies with transcranial magnetic stimulation in which broad aspects of language, memory and neuropsychological tests have been evaluated following or during the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation. We concluded that transcranial magnetic stimulation open new horizons for brain research in the neuropsychological field as transcranial magnetic stimulation allows the investigation of the relationship between focal cortical activity and behavior therefore contributing to the study of the functional brain activity.