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Sensory exploitation and sexual conflict.
1Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, University of Uppsala, Norbyvägen 18d, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. goran.arnqvist@ebc.uu.se
Summary
Understanding the origin of male traits and female preferences is key to coevolution. Sensory exploitation is a common origin, potentially driving sexually antagonistic coevolution and sexual dimorphism.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary Biology
- Sexual Selection
- Animal Behavior
Background:
- Most research on male-female coevolution focuses on trait maintenance, not origin.
- The origin of male traits and female preferences is less explored but crucial for understanding sexual dimorphism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To distinguish the origin of sexual traits from their subsequent coevolution.
- To propose scenarios for the origin of male traits and female preferences.
- To highlight the role of sensory exploitation and sexually antagonistic coevolution (SAC).
Main Methods:
- Delineation of four distinct origin scenarios for male traits and female preferences.
- Review of empirical research and theoretical models on sensory exploitation.
- Case study review to illustrate theoretical points.
Main Results:
- Origin by sensory exploitation appears widespread, supported by recent research.
- Sensory exploitation may play a key, though potentially transient, role in subsequent SAC.
- Evolution of resistance to sensory exploitation likely involves costs and selective constraints.
Conclusions:
- Distinguishing trait origin from coevolution clarifies the drivers of sexual dimorphism.
- Sensory exploitation is a significant factor in the evolution of sexual traits and preferences.
- More empirical data on exploitation and resistance costs is needed to assess the role of sexual conflict and SAC.