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Related Experiment Videos

Dopamine and the diseased brain.

T Kienast1, A Heinz

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medical Center, Schumannstrasse 20-21, 10117 Berlin, Germany. thorsten.kienast@charite.de

CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
|April 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Central dopaminergic dysfunction is linked to Tourette

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Central dopaminergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in various neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Dysfunction in dopamine pathways is associated with conditions like Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, and substance dependence.
  • The specific brain regions involved, including the striatum and prefrontal cortex, influence behavioral manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review brain imaging and neuroendocrinological studies on dopaminergic dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • To examine the role of dopamine in conditions such as Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, and addiction.
  • To explore the hypothesis linking phasic dopamine release to salience attribution and cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

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  • Review of existing brain imaging studies (e.g., in vivo manipulation of dopamine release).
  • Analysis of neuroendocrinological findings.
  • Inclusion of relevant primate studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Low dopamine turnover and increased dopamine D2 receptors in the caudate correlate with Tourette's syndrome motor tic severity.
    • Dopamine D2 receptor downregulation in the nucleus accumbens is linked to alcohol craving.
    • Increased subcortical dopamine release is associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

    Conclusions:

    • Central dopaminergic dysfunction is a common neurobiological correlate across diverse neuropsychiatric disorders.
    • Specific dopamine pathway alterations are implicated in the distinct pathologies of Tourette's syndrome, addiction, and schizophrenia.
    • Phasic dopamine release is hypothesized to mediate salience attribution, reward anticipation, habit formation, and working memory.