Dietary patterns and glucose tolerance abnormalities in Japanese men
Tetsuya Mizoue1, Taiki Yamaji, Shinji Tabata
1Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. mizoue@phealth.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
The Journal of Nutrition
|April 15, 2006
Summary
A diet rich in dairy, fruits, vegetables, and starch, with low alcohol intake, may reduce the risk of glucose tolerance abnormalities in Japanese men. This dietary pattern was linked to lower odds of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Metabolic Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The Western diet is linked to diabetes risk, but its impact on Asian populations is not well understood.
- Dietary patterns play a crucial role in glucose metabolism and the development of diabetes.
- Understanding specific dietary influences in diverse ethnic groups is essential for targeted public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status in Japanese men.
- To identify specific dietary components or patterns that may influence the risk of developing glucose abnormalities.
- To provide insights into culturally relevant dietary strategies for diabetes prevention in Asian populations.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 2106 Japanese men undergoing preretirement health check-ups.
- Dietary intake assessed using a 74-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).
- Factor analysis identified three dietary patterns: high-dairy/fruit/vegetable/starch/low-alcohol, animal food, and Japanese pattern.
- Logistic regression analysis used to determine odds ratios (OR) for glucose tolerance abnormalities, adjusting for confounders.
Main Results:
- A significant inverse association was observed between the high-dairy, high-fruit and -vegetable, high-starch, low-alcohol pattern and glucose tolerance abnormalities (P for trend < 0.0001).
- Higher quartiles of this pattern showed reduced odds of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes (e.g., OR=0.51 for the 4th quartile).
- The traditional Japanese dietary pattern showed a positive association with impaired glucose tolerance (P for trend = 0.048).
Conclusions:
- A dietary pattern emphasizing dairy, fruits, vegetables, and starch, coupled with low alcohol consumption, is associated with a decreased risk of glucose tolerance abnormalities in Japanese men.
- This protective dietary pattern may contribute to preventing impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes.
- Findings suggest that promoting specific dietary habits, rather than general dietary patterns, could be beneficial for diabetes prevention in this population.
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