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Patterns of hematological malignancies in Chernobyl clean-up workers (1996-2005).

D Gluzman1, N Imamura, L Sklyarenko

  • 1RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv. vals@onconet.kiev.ua

Experimental Oncology
|April 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Chernobyl clean-up workers showed increased rates of myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelogenous leukemia 10-20 years post-accident. Multiple myeloma incidence was also elevated compared to the general population.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Radiation Effects

Background:

  • The long-term health effects of the Chernobyl disaster, particularly on hematopoietic malignancies in clean-up workers, remain controversial.
  • Accurate classification of leukemias and lymphomas is crucial for assessing radiation's impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of leukemias and malignant lymphomas in Chernobyl clean-up workers 10-20 years after the accident.
  • To compare these incidences with the general population to estimate the radiation factor's contribution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 218 cases of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue malignancies in Chernobyl clean-up workers (1996-2005).
  • Comparison with 2697 cases from the general population of the same age group.

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  • Utilized morphology, cytochemistry, and immunophenotyping (APAAP, LSAB-AP) for diagnosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) incidence was higher in clean-up workers (4.58%) than the general population (3.70%).
    • Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) contribution was elevated (9.17% vs. 6.59%).
    • Multiple myeloma incidence was doubled in clean-up workers (7.79%) compared to the general population (4.0%).
    • While B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) was predominant in workers (25.68%), its incidence did not significantly differ from the general population.

    Conclusions:

    • Verified diagnoses using modern classifications (EGIL, WHO) are essential.
    • Further molecular genetic and epidemiological studies are needed to confirm Chernobyl-related leukemias.