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Hearing screening in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Gisele M L Lima1, Sérgio T M Marba, Maria Francisca C Santos

  • 1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. marafon@supernet.com.br

Jornal De Pediatria
|April 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Newborn hearing impairment affects 10.2% of infants, with risk factors including family history and low birth weight. Early hearing screening is crucial for high-risk newborns when universal screening isn't feasible.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Audiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Neonatal hearing impairment is a significant concern.
  • Early detection and intervention are critical for developmental outcomes.
  • Risk factors for hearing loss in newborns require identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hearing impairment in newborns admitted to the Neonatology Service at UNICAMP.
  • To identify associated risk factors for hearing impairment in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) screening was performed on 979 newborns between 2000 and 2003.
  • Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess prevalence and risk factors.
  • A 35dBNA signal bilaterally was used as the threshold for normal hearing response.

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Main Results:

  • The prevalence of AABR impairment was 10.2% (5.3% unilateral, 4.9% bilateral).
  • Significant risk factors included family history of hearing loss, craniofacial deformity, genetic syndromes, low birth weight (<1,000g), asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, and mechanical ventilation.
  • Specific odds ratios (OR) were calculated for each risk factor, indicating increased risk.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of hearing impairment detected by AABR is notably high in the studied neonatal population.
  • Targeted hearing screening is essential for newborns with identified risk factors, especially where universal screening is not available.
  • Prompt identification and management of hearing impairment can mitigate long-term developmental consequences.