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Overview of Fungi

Overview of Fungi

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...

Fungal Group Zygomycota

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Diversity of Protists II

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...

Diversity of Protists III

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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...

Diversity of Protists IV

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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation and Selection of Entomopathogenic Fungi from Soil Samples and Evaluation of Fungal Virulence against Insect Pests

Isolation and Selection of Entomopathogenic Fungi from Soil Samples and Evaluation of Fungal Virulence against Insect Pests

Published on: September 28, 2021

Molecular and physiological diversity among Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola.

Michèle L Largeteau¹, Johan P P Baars, Catherine Regnault-Roger

¹Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), BP81, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France. largeteau@bordeaux.inra.fr

Mycological Research

|April 18, 2006

Summary

Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola, a pathogen of Agaricus bisporus dry bubble disease in Europe, is genetically homogeneous. However, physiological diversity exists, particularly in French isolates, linked to cultivation practices.

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Area of Science:

Mycology
Plant Pathology
Agricultural Science

Background:

Verticillium fungicola var. aleophilum causing dry bubble disease in North American Agaricus bisporus is well-characterized.
Limited information exists on the genetic and physiological variability of V. fungicola var. fungicola affecting European crops.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess and compare the variability of V. fungicola var. fungicola from European crops with V. fungicola var. aleophilum.
To investigate the genetic and physiological traits of V. fungicola isolates.

Main Methods:

Analysis of DNA polymorphism using RAPD and AFLP markers.
Assessment of mycelial growth, response to A. bisporus biochemicals, fungicide resistance, and pathogenicity.
Comparison of European V. fungicola var. fungicola isolates with American V. fungicola var. aleophilum.

Main Results:

DNA polymorphism delineated three French isolates from a homogeneous group of other var. fungicola isolates, with no correlation to studied traits.
European var. fungicola isolates showed higher susceptibility to A. bisporus antibiosis compared to var. aleophilum.
Mycelial growth rate at 23°C was the sole factor explaining aggressiveness variability among European isolates.

Conclusions:

V. fungicola var. fungicola in Europe is genetically homogeneous, similar to the American var. aleophilum.
Physiological diversity exists within European V. fungicola var. fungicola, particularly in French isolates, potentially due to non-standardized cultivation.
Further research into the effect of post-incubation temperature on mushroom cultivation contamination is warranted.