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A graphical screening method for assessing stream water quality using specific conductivity and alkalinity data.

Arthur D Kney1, David Brandes

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Acopian Engineering Center, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA. kneya@lafayette.edu

Journal of Environmental Management
|April 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a graphical method to assess stream water quality by plotting electrical conductivity (EC) against alkalinity. This helps identify anthropogenic impacts by comparing stream data to expected bedrock-influenced ranges.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Water Quality Assessment

Background:

  • Inferring water quality from electrical conductivity (EC) is challenging without considering local geology.
  • Bedrock composition significantly influences the expected range of EC values in streams.
  • Alkalinity can serve as an index for bedrock type, particularly carbonate geology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a user-friendly graphical screening method for assessing stream water quality.
  • To differentiate between natural geochemical influences and anthropogenic impacts on stream EC.
  • To provide a tool for watershed stewards to understand local water chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Plotting stream electrical conductivity (EC) against concurrent alkalinity data.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Establishing an upper EC-alkalinity limit based on regional groundwater quality and bedrock composition.
  • Utilizing a baseflow/storm runoff-mixing model to account for dilution and runoff effects.
  • Applying the graphical method to stream data from Pennsylvania and New Jersey watersheds.

    • Main Results:

    • The graphical method effectively screens for anthropogenic impacts on stream water quality.
    • Stream samples plotting above the established EC/alkalinity limit indicate potential pollution.
    • The method's applicability was demonstrated across diverse geologic settings.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed graphical method is a valuable screening tool for watershed stewards.
    • It aids in understanding the relationship between bedrock geology, groundwater, and stream chemistry.
    • The method is widely applicable to watersheds in humid temperate regions.