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Why is stress so deadly? An evolutionary perspective.

Lilach Hadany1, Tuvik Beker, Ilan Eshel

  • 1Stanford University, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. lilach.hadamy@uiowa.edu

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|April 19, 2006
PubMed
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Harmful stress responses may offer a survival advantage. Our model shows genes causing early death in unfit individuals can spread in structured populations, reframing stress-related disease evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Physiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prolonged stress causes harmful physiological effects.
  • Classical theory posits stress responses evolved for short-term survival (fight or flight).
  • Long-term detrimental effects of stress are acknowledged but not fully explained evolutionarily.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the classical view of stress response evolution.
  • To investigate if adverse effects of stress responses can confer a selective advantage.
  • To offer a new perspective on the evolution of stress-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an analytical model.
  • Simulation of gene frequency dynamics in a structured population.
  • Analysis of selection pressures related to stress response genes.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • A gene causing early death in unfit individuals can increase in frequency within a structured population.
  • This increase occurs even without a direct positive effect on the individual.
  • Demonstrates a potential selective advantage for traits with adverse long-term consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Adverse effects of stress responses may have evolved due to their selective advantages in structured populations.
  • This finding provides a novel evolutionary framework for understanding stress-related diseases.
  • Revises the understanding of the interplay between stress, genetics, and disease evolution.