Restriction enzymes permit quantitative determination of defined chromatin structures within the chromosome

Open chromatin structures, operationally defined as nuclease-hypersensitive sites, are frequently found spanning the controlling regions of genes and they may ensure that trans-acting factors have ready access to their genomic substrates. The rapidity and extent of induction of a gene may be dependent on the probability that its promoter is folded into an open structure. We show that restriction enzymes can be used to estimate the probability that a given promoter region is contained within a defined structure in the chromosome. In the case of the Drosophila major heat-shock-protein gene, we show that an individual promoter element is folded in an accessible form in at least 75% of embryonic chromosomes. This efficient maintenance of the hypersensitive region may be a necessary precondition for a rapid heat-shock response.