Biosurfactant MEL-A enhances cellular association and gene transfection by cationic liposome

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Mannnosylerythritol lipid A (MEL-A) is a microbial biosurfactant with diverse biological activities.
• Gene transfection efficiency is crucial for gene therapy and requires effective delivery vectors.
• Cationic liposomes are commonly used for gene delivery but can be improved for enhanced efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To enhance gene transfection efficiency using a novel MEL-A-based liposome (MEL-L).
• To investigate the size, stability, and transfection capabilities of MEL-L/plasmid DNA complexes (MEL-lipoplexes).
• To compare the gene expression levels mediated by MEL-L with commercial transfection agents and a control liposome.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of MEL-liposomes (MEL-L) using DC-Chol, DOPE, and MEL-A.
• Characterization of MEL-L size and MEL-lipoplex size using dynamic light scattering.
• Assessment of gene transfection efficiency in Hela cells via gene expression analysis (flow cytometry, confocal microscopy).

Main Results:

• MEL-L/plasmid DNA complexes (MEL-lipoplexes) were stable and injectable (169 nm).
• MEL-A significantly increased gene expression compared to Tfx20 and control liposomes (Cont-L).
• MEL-A enhanced cellular DNA association and distribution within the cytoplasm and around the nucleus.

Conclusions:

• MEL-A incorporation into liposomes improves gene transfection efficiency.
• MEL-A enhances the cellular uptake and intracellular localization of plasmid DNA.
• MEL-L represents a promising non-viral vector for gene transfection and gene therapy applications.