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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: September 9, 2022
Multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome
Laura Ordonez1, Eli Skromne, Daniel Ontaneda
1Maxine Mesinger MS Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. lob828828@yahoo.com.mx
Abstract:
We report a case of multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome. The initial presentation was suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Further clinical attacks, MRI imaging, and CSF findings led to a diagnosis of disseminated encephalomyelitis (DEM). Multiple episodes of neurological dysfunction, which differed in clinical presentation, further categorized the diagnosis as multiphasic DEM. The co-occurrence SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome is unusual and provided an additional diagnostic challenge.
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