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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Angina V: Nursing Management01:20

Angina V: Nursing Management

Angina, a symptom of myocardial ischemia, requires a structured nursing management approach to ensure effective care and prevent complications like myocardial infarction. Comprehensive nursing care involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes, all tailored to the individual patient's needs.Patient AssessmentNursing assessment begins with a detailed subjective evaluation of symptoms, which typically include chest pain or pressure radiating to the...
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
05:23

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

Pain management for sickle cell disease.

R J Dunlop1, K C L B Bennett

  • 1InferMed Ltd, 25 Bedford Square, London, UK, WC1B 3HW. robert.dunlop@infermed.com

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|April 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Limited evidence exists for managing sickle cell disease pain. Pharmacological interventions show potential for acute pain crises, but more research is needed for effective chronic pain management.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Pain Management

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin, leading to red blood cell sickling and severe pain episodes.
  • Current pain management strategies for SCD are often inadequate, impacting patient quality of life.
  • Both acute and chronic pain are significant challenges in SCD management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of pharmacological analgesic interventions for pain in sickle cell disease.
  • To review treatments for both acute and chronic pain in pediatric and adult SCD patients.
  • To identify gaps in research for SCD pain management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 1965 to 2002.

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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
08:23

Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry

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Last Updated: Jul 26, 2026

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Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
08:23

Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry

Published on: November 5, 2019

  • Searches conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CCTR, and Oxford pain RCT database.
  • Included RCTs on pharmacological treatment for acute or chronic pain in SCD patients (HbSS, HbS/β-thalassemia, HbSC).

    • Main Results:

    • Nine RCTs were identified, all focusing on acute sickle cell pain.
    • Interventions included NSAIDs, strong opioids, and corticosteroids.
    • Limited data, small sample sizes, and methodological heterogeneity hindered meaningful meta-analyses.

    Conclusions:

    • No studies addressed chronic pain in sickle cell disease.
    • Limited evidence supports analgesic interventions for acute pain crises; studies are often underpowered.
    • Parenteral corticosteroids may reduce analgesic duration and hospital stay; oral morphine shows comparable efficacy to parenteral for acute pain.