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Polyomaviruses and human diseases.

Nasimul Ahsan1, Keerti V Shah

  • 1Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Transplant Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 22, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Polyomaviruses are DNA viruses that cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis involves detecting viral DNA, while treatment focuses on improving immune status.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Polyomaviruses are ubiquitous, latent DNA viruses.
  • Illnesses typically manifest in immunocompromised hosts, particularly those with T cell deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of polyomaviruses.
  • To introduce their association with human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitation of polyomavirus DNA in bodily fluids (blood, CSF, urine).
  • Identification of "decoy cells" in urine.
  • Histopathologic demonstration of viral inclusions.

Main Results:

  • Human polyomaviruses BK polyomavirus (BKV) and JC polyomavirus (JCV) cause specific diseases.
  • BKV is linked to hemorrhagic cystitis and transplant nephropathy.

Related Experiment Videos

  • JCV causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Polyomavirus infections are significant in immunocompromised patients, especially transplant recipients.
    • Genomic sequences are associated with neoplastic and autoimmune disorders.
    • Current management focuses on immune status improvement.