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Inheritance of proportionate dwarfism in Angus cattle.

M R Latter1, B D H Latter, J F Wilkins

  • 1NSW Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, Grafton, New South Wales. M.Latter@uq.edu.au

Australian Veterinary Journal
|April 25, 2006
PubMed
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Congenital proportionate dwarfism in Angus cattle is inherited as a dominant autosomal gene with incomplete penetrance. This genetic trait affects cattle breeding and herd management.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Genetics
  • Animal Breeding
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital proportionate dwarfism has been observed in Angus and Angus crossbred cattle.
  • The genetic basis of this condition was initially detected in beef herds in New South Wales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the mode of inheritance of congenital proportionate dwarfism in Angus cattle.
  • To investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying this heritable trait.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled breeding studies were conducted using carrier Angus bulls and unrelated cows of diverse breeds.
  • Matings included carrier sires to their unaffected daughters and an unrelated Piedmontese bull to carrier daughters.
  • Affected and carrier individuals were analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities.

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Main Results:

  • Angus dwarfism was successfully reproduced under controlled conditions, confirming its heritability.
  • The high incidence of affected offspring (0.38) from matings to unrelated dams is inconsistent with recessive inheritance.
  • Both paternal and maternal transmission were observed, ruling out strict imprinting.
  • No gross chromosomal abnormalities were detected in affected or carrier individuals.
  • Dominant autosomal inheritance with incomplete penetrance was indicated by experimental matings.

Conclusions:

  • The mode of inheritance is a single autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance (0.75 +/- 0.12).
  • Two genetic models are compatible with the data: a high-frequency unstable mutant or a dominant allele with modifier loci.
  • Penetrance may be higher in matings involving carrier daughters of the affected Angus bulls.