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Early N400 development and later language acquisition.

Manuela Friedrich1, Angela D Friederici

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. friedri@cbs.mpg.de

Psychophysiology
|April 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Early semantic processing, measured by the N400 brain response, predicts later language skills in toddlers. Children with poor expressive language skills at 30 months showed no early N400 at 19 months, indicating developmental delays.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Child language acquisition
  • Cognitive development

Background:

  • Lexical priming mechanisms are present in infants by 12 months.
  • Semantic integration, indexed by the N400 event-related potential, matures later than lexical priming.
  • Early identification of language development issues is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the N400 response at 19 months and later language skills.
  • To determine if early semantic processing deficits predict later expressive language difficulties.
  • To explore the developmental trajectory of semantic integration in infants at risk for specific language impairment (SLI).

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design.
  • Event-related potential (ERP) recording to measure N400 response at 19 months.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Retrospective grouping of children based on expressive language test performance at 30 months.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with age-adequate expressive language skills at 30 months exhibited an N400 response at 19 months.
    • Children with poor expressive language skills (at risk for SLI) at 30 months did not show an N400 response at 19 months.
    • An early N400 at 19 months was associated with better later expressive language abilities.

    Conclusions:

    • Deficits in semantic development may be present as early as 19 months in children who later show poor expressive language skills.
    • The N400 response serves as an early biomarker for semantic processing abilities and later language development.
    • Findings suggest that language impairments can be detected significantly earlier than previously thought.