Ascites syndrome in SPF Light Sussex chickens

Area of Science:

• Poultry Science
• Animal Nutrition
• Avian Pathology

Background:

• Ascites syndrome is a significant concern in poultry production.
• Dietary factors are implicated in the development of ascites in chickens.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the potential of a specific low protein, high calcium diet to induce ascites syndrome in Light Sussex chickens.
• To determine if environmental stressors or viral infections influence ascites incidence.
• To compare susceptibility between different chicken breeds.

Main Methods:

• Specific pathogen-free (SPF) Light Sussex (LSX) chickens were fed a layer crumble diet (16% crude protein, 3.5% calcium).
• Ascites incidence was monitored over time.
• Right ventricular weight was assessed in affected and unaffected chickens.
• Chickens were exposed to avian nephritis virus and cold stress to evaluate their impact.

Main Results:

• 17-28% of LSX chickens developed ascites when fed the specified diet.
• Affected chickens exhibited right ventricular hypertrophy compared to controls.
• Avian nephritis virus infection and cold stress did not increase ascites incidence.
• Ascites was not observed in LSX chickens on other diets or in Rhode Island Red chickens.

Conclusions:

• A low protein, high calcium diet can induce ascites syndrome and right ventricular hypertrophy in SPF Light Sussex chickens.
• This specific dietary challenge appears to be breed-dependent and not exacerbated by common stressors or infections.
• Dietary formulation is a critical factor in preventing ascites in susceptible chicken breeds.