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Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
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Evaluation of insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness during a standardized breakfast test: comparison with the

Ikram Aloulou1, Jean-Frederic Brun, Jacques Mercier

  • 1Metabolic Unit, Service Central de Physiologie Clinique, Centre d'Exploration et de Réadaptation des Anomalies du Métabolisme Musculaire (CERAMM), CHU Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|April 25, 2006
PubMed

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...