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Related Experiment Videos

Long-range directional movement of an interphase chromosome site.

Chien-Hui Chuang1, Anne E Carpenter, Beata Fuchsova

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|April 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Active nuclear myosin I and actin facilitate directed chromosome movements within the nucleus. This study reveals inducible, long-range chromatin repositioning from the nuclear periphery to the interior, challenging previous notions of constrained diffusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Interphase nuclei exhibit functional compartmentalization, with gene-rich regions interior and gene-poor regions peripheral.
  • Active genes associate with nuclear speckles or transcription factories, while repressed genes associate with heterochromatin.
  • Dynamic chromosome compartmentalization suggests mechanisms for long-range chromatin movement, yet live cell imaging shows limited mobility ('constrained diffusion').

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate inducible, long-range interphase chromosome movements.
  • To examine the mechanism of chromosome repositioning between nuclear compartments.
  • To determine the role of actin and nuclear myosin I in directed chromatin movements.

Main Methods:

  • Targeted a transcriptional activator to a specific interphase chromosome site.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized live cell imaging in mammalian cells to track chromosome locus repositioning.
  • Employed specific actin and nuclear myosin I mutants to perturb chromosome movement.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated migration of an interphase chromosome site from the nuclear periphery to the interior within 1-2 hours after transcriptional activator targeting.
    • Observed that chromosome repositioning is perturbed by actin or nuclear myosin I mutants.
    • Characterized chromosome movement as unidirectional, curvilinear paths (0.1-0.9 microm/min) during short periods, interspersed with immobility.

    Conclusions:

    • Suggests an active mechanism for fast, directed, long-range interphase chromosome movements.
    • Indicates dependence on actin and/or nuclear myosin I for inducible chromosome repositioning.
    • Challenges the 'constrained diffusion' model by revealing directed chromatin mobility.