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Strontium binding by calcium silicate hydrates.

J Tits1, E Wieland, C J Müller

  • 1Laboratory for Waste Management, Nuclear Energy and Safety Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. jan.tits@psi.ch

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|April 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Strontium (Sr(II)) binds to calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) through ion exchange, similar to calcium (Ca(2+)). This binding mechanism is consistent across sorption and co-precipitation in cementitious materials.

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) are the primary binding phase in cementitious materials.
  • Understanding strontium (Sr(II)) interaction with C-S-H is crucial for nuclear waste management and environmental safety.
  • Strontium contamination in cementitious systems can arise from degraded nuclear waste or environmental sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the binding mechanisms of strontium (Sr(II)) with synthetic calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H).
  • To evaluate the influence of C-S-H composition (CaO:SiO(2) ratio) and pore solution chemistry (alkali-rich vs. alkali-free) on Sr(II) uptake.
  • To determine the reversibility and kinetics of Sr(II) sorption onto C-S-H phases.

Main Methods:

  • Batch-type experiments were conducted to study Sr(II) sorption and co-precipitation.

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  • Synthetic C-S-H phases with varying CaO:SiO(2) molar ratios were prepared.
  • Sr(II) sorption kinetics, isotherms, solid-to-liquid ratio effects, and reversibility were analyzed.
  • Experiments were performed in both alkali-free solutions and artificial cement pore water (ACW).

    • Main Results:

    • Sorption and co-precipitation experiments yielded similar Sr(II) distribution ratios, suggesting common binding sites.
    • In alkali-free solutions, Sr(II) uptake by C-S-H was effectively modeled as a Sr(2+)-Ca(2+) ion exchange process.
    • The selectivity coefficient for Sr(2+)-Ca(2+) exchange was determined to be 1.2 ± 0.3.
    • The C-S-H composition and presence of alkalis influenced Sr(II) binding, though specific details require further elaboration.

    Conclusions:

    • Strontium binding to C-S-H primarily occurs via a Sr(2+)-Ca(2+) ion exchange mechanism, particularly in alkali-free environments.
    • The findings indicate that C-S-H phases can effectively sequester strontium, relevant for cementitious waste forms.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of alkali ions and complex C-S-H structures on strontium immobilization.