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The hysteresis effect in carpal kinematics.

Sunjay Berdia1, Walter H Short, Frederick W Werner

  • 1Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Orthopaedic Center, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. sberdia@yahoo.com

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|April 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Analyzing carpal bone hysteresis reveals subtle signs of wrist instability. Scapholunate interosseous ligament sectioning significantly increased hysteresis during radioulnar deviation, indicating early dynamic instability.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedic research
  • Wrist kinematics

Background:

  • Carpal bone hysteresis is direction-dependent during active wrist loading.
  • Understanding carpal instability requires precise measurement of subtle motion changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a methodology for analyzing carpal bone hysteresis.
  • To investigate the impact of sequential ligament sectioning on scapholunate instability.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded scaphoid, lunate, and third metacarpal motion in cadaver forearms during active flexion-extension and radioulnar deviation.
  • Analyzed motion in intact wrists and after sequential sectioning of scapholunate interosseous, scaphotrapezium, and radioscaphocapitate ligaments.
  • Quantified hysteresis area using curve-fitting and optimization criteria.

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Main Results:

  • Flexion-extension: Significant hysteresis increase only after all three ligaments were sectioned.
  • Radioulnar deviation: Scaphoid hysteresis increased after scapholunate interosseous ligament sectioning.
  • Radioulnar deviation: Lunate hysteresis decreased in some specimens after sequential sectioning.

Conclusions:

  • Hysteresis area computation is a sensitive method for detecting abnormal carpal motion.
  • Scapholunate interosseous ligament sectioning during radioulnar deviation indicates dynamic scapholunate instability.
  • Divergent lunate hysteresis behavior may explain varied presentations of scapholunate instability.