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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
Published on: August 24, 2017
In situ gamma-ray spectrometry for environmental monitoring: a semi empirical calibration method
Jonas Boson1, Kenneth Lidström, Torbjörn Nylén
1Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI NBC-skydd, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden. jonas.boson@foi.se
Abstract:
In situ gamma spectrometry using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors is a frequently used method for the determination of radionuclide ground deposition levels. Such measurements do, however, require an efficiency calibration based on detector sensitivity and parameters such as soil density and vertical activity distribution. In this work, a novel expression is used for the detector efficiency, incorporating both the influence of photon energy and incidence angle. Detector-specific efficiency data are determined empirically. For the theoretical calculation of the photon fluence at the detector, a three-layer model of finite thickness is developed for the description of soil density and vertical activity distribution. In order to facilitate the calibration of in situ measurements, a PC program has been developed to enable rapid, on-site calculations of radionuclide ground deposition levels. The semi empirical calibration method was tested on in situ measurements with two different detectors, and the results show good agreement with results obtained from traditional soil sampling.
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