Sonographic diagnosis of congenital brain malformations: the Ilorin experience

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pediatric Radiology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Congenital brain malformations represent a significant health concern in infants.
• Accurate and early diagnosis is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes.
• Transfontanelle ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive imaging modality commonly used in neonates and infants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the incidence of congenital brain malformations in African infants.
• To identify the types of congenital brain malformations prevalent in this population.
• To evaluate the utility of transfontanelle ultrasound in diagnosing these anomalies.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective study was conducted over a 5-year period.
• 98 infants (45 males, 53 females) with a mean age of 2.6 months underwent transfontanelle ultrasound.
• Data on congenital malformations, including hydrocephalus and specific anomalies, were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

• Congenital malformations were detected in 25.5% of the studied infants.
• Hydrocephalus was a common associated finding.
• Cerebral aqueduct stenosis was the most frequent anomaly, identified in 24% of cases.

Conclusions:

• Transfontanelle ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic tool for congenital brain malformations in infants.
• The study highlights a notable incidence of congenital brain anomalies in African infants.
• Cerebral aqueduct stenosis is a significant finding requiring attention in this demographic.