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Mesenchymal stem cells and bone regeneration.

Karl H Kraus¹, Carl Kirker-Head

¹Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA. Karl.Kraus@Tufts.edu

Veterinary Surgery : VS

|April 26, 2006

Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are key to bone formation and regeneration. Strategies combining MSC with carriers can effectively regenerate critical bone defects, offering an alternative to traditional bone grafts.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine
Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are fundamental to embryonic bone development.
Secondary bone healing involves MSC proliferation and differentiation into fracture callus components.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of MSC in bone formation and regeneration.
To outline strategies for using MSC in bone healing and regeneration.

Main Methods:

Literature review including Medline searches.
Synopses of authors' published research.

Main Results:

MSC-based strategies, using isolated and expanded cells with osteoconductive carriers, successfully regenerated critical bone defects in dogs.

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Allogeneic MSC regenerated bone without immune response, indicating potential for banked cells.

Techniques for retaining MSC and utilizing osteoconductive/osteoinductive carriers achieved bone regeneration comparable to autogenous bone.

Conclusions:

Mesenchymal stem cells can be manipulated with carriers to regenerate critically sized bone defects.
These MSC-based techniques offer a clinical alternative to autogenous cancellous bone for bone regeneration.