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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
Published on: May 31, 2016
Bone morphogenetic proteins and growth differentiation factors as drug targets in cardiovascular and metabolic
James F Tobin1, Anthony J Celeste
1Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA. jtobin@wyeth.com
Abstract:
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth differentiation factors (GDFs) control the development and homeostasis of multiple tissue types in many organisms, from humans to invertebrates. These morphogens are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and they signal by binding to serine-threonine kinase receptors, resulting in coordinated changes in gene expression that regulate the differentiation and development of multiple tissue types. In addition, these proteins are regulated post-transcriptionally through binding to several soluble proteins. In this review we focus on a subset of BMPs and GDFs that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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