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Enkephalins and immune inflammatory reactions.

B D Jankovic1

  • 1Immunology Research Center, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.

Acta Neurologica
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) and leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) exhibit dose-dependent immunomodulatory effects in rats. Met-Enk, a more potent immunomodulator, suppressed inflammatory reactions and showed promise for multiple sclerosis treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Peptide Science

Background:

  • Methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) and leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) are endogenous opioid peptides with known biological functions.
  • Enkephalins are implicated in modulating various physiological processes, including immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo immunomodulating activity of Met-Enk and Leu-Enk in a rat model.
  • To determine the dose-dependent effects and relative potency of Met-Enk and Leu-Enk on immune responses.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of Met-Enk in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo studies in rats to assess immune responses.
  • Administration of varying doses of Met-Enk and Leu-Enk.
  • Evaluation of suppression of immune inflammatory reactions including anaphylactic shock, Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions, allograft rejection, adjuvant arthritis, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
  • Intracerebroventricular administration of Met-Enk.
  • Preliminary clinical trial involving intrathecal administration of Met-Enk in multiple sclerosis patients.

Main Results:

  • Both Met-Enk and Leu-Enk demonstrated a dual, dose-dependent immunomodulatory effect: low doses potentiated immune responses, while high doses suppressed them.
  • Met-Enk was identified as a more potent immunomodulator compared to Leu-Enk.
  • High doses of Met-Enk effectively suppressed various immune inflammatory reactions in rats.
  • Intracerebroventricular administration of Met-Enk was more efficient in modulating immune responses.
  • A preliminary clinical trial indicated beneficial effects of intrathecally administered Met-Enk in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Enkephalins, particularly Met-Enk, possess significant immunomodulatory properties with potential therapeutic applications.
  • Met-Enk's ability to suppress inflammatory and autoimmune responses suggests its utility in treating conditions like multiple sclerosis.
  • Further clinical investigation of Met-Enk for neuroinflammatory diseases is warranted.

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