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Related Experiment Videos

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2004.

Paul W Roche1, Vicki L Krause, Mark Bartlett

  • 1Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. paul.roche@health.gov.au

Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
|April 28, 2006
PubMed
Summary

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Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance in Australia revealed significant rates, particularly in Indigenous populations and young children. Vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) substantially reduced IPD rates in targeted groups.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health and Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) poses a significant public health challenge, with varying incidence rates across different populations and regions.
  • Indigenous Australians experience disproportionately higher rates of IPD compared to non-Indigenous Australians.
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been introduced to reduce the burden of IPD, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Australia for 2004.
  • To assess the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) on IPD rates in Indigenous infants and children.
  • To analyze the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of IPD isolates.

Main Methods:

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  • Utilized data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) for 2004 IPD notifications.
  • Conducted enhanced surveillance for IPD across all Australian states and territories.
  • Analyzed demographic data, geographical variations, Indigenous status, vaccination status, serotypes, and penicillin susceptibility.

Main Results:

  • A total of 2,375 IPD cases were notified in Australia in 2004, with a notification rate of 11.8 per 100,000 population.
  • IPD rates were highest in the Northern Territory and in children under 5 years.
  • The overall IPD rate in Indigenous Australians was 3.2 times higher than in non-Indigenous Australians; however, rates in under-2-year-olds became similar following 7vPCV introduction.
  • A 74% decrease in IPD rates due to 7vPCV serotypes was observed in the target population between 2001-02 and 2003-04.
  • Reduced penicillin susceptibility was noted in 216 isolates, with a high proportion belonging to vaccine-preventable serotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Australia highlights significant health disparities and the effectiveness of targeted vaccination programs.
  • The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) has demonstrated a substantial impact in reducing IPD incidence among Indigenous infants and children.
  • Continued monitoring of IPD epidemiology, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial resistance is crucial for public health strategies.