Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
Published on: July 6, 2015
[Organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of propolis in the Province Of Nuble, VIII Region-Chile]
M S Hernández1, C S Lazo, J M Junod
1Universidad del Bío-Bío, Facultad de Ciencias, Dpto Ciencias Básicas, Chillán, Chile.
Abstract:
Propolis ("bee-glue") is a gummy resinous substance elaborated by honey bees (Apis mellifera) from different types of plant resins. The chemical composition of propolis is very complex and variable as it depends on the botanical source and the environmental conditions prevailing at the location where the resin is collected by bees. The objective [corrected] of this study was to determine the propolis organoleptic and physicochemical properties of different types in the Province of Nuble (VIII Región, Chile). Samples were collected at different sites located in the Central Valley, ranging from the coast to the mountain skirts. Analyses included humidity, ashes, wax content, total phenolics content, total flavonoids, mechanical impurities, oxidation time, and solubility in ethanol. Results showed that propolis extracts from coastal sites are better quality than those collected at mountain skirts, and these in turn are better than propolis obtained from the Central Valley. All propolis analyzed in this study can be classified according to the Brazilian norm as high flavonoid content. The same homogeneity is observed in the amounts of total phenolics found in the samples. In general terms, properties of the propolis samples analyzed fulfill the quality requirements of the current international standards.
Related Concept Videos
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule
For the first time, Eric Hückel, a German chemical physicist, derived a set of structural features for a compound to be classified as aromatic. This is now known as Hückel’s rule or the 4n + 2 rule.
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

