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Recognition ligands on apoptotic cells: a perspective.

Shyra J Gardai1, Donna L Bratton, Carole Anne Ogden

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|April 28, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Apoptotic cells display surface signals like phosphatidylserine and calreticulin for clearance, while viable cells use "don't eat me" signals (CD47) to avoid removal. Apoptosis inactivates CD47, enabling efficient cell cleanup and immune regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Apoptosis involves cell surface changes crucial for recognition and removal.
  • These changes also modulate local inflammation and immunity.
  • Ligands mediating these effects on apoptotic cells are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore candidate molecules and mechanisms of surface expression on apoptotic cells.
  • To emphasize the roles of phosphatidylserine and calreticulin.
  • To explain how "don't eat me" signals like CD47 on viable cells prevent premature clearance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on apoptotic cell surface ligands.
  • Analysis of phosphatidylserine and calreticulin expression.
  • Investigation of CD47's role as a "don't eat me" signal.

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Main Results:

  • Phosphatidylserine and calreticulin are key ligands on apoptotic cells.
  • CD47 acts as a "don't eat me" signal on viable cells, preventing phagocytosis.
  • Loss of CD47 function during apoptosis allows for cell recognition and clearance.

Conclusions:

  • Surface ligand exposure during apoptosis is critical for immune regulation.
  • CD47 inactivation is essential for the efficient removal of apoptotic cells.
  • Understanding these mechanisms aids in modulating immune responses and tissue repair.