Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
Published on: December 24, 2015
Face presentation: predictors and delivery route
Brian L Shaffer1, Yvonne W Cheng, Juan E Vargas
1Division of Perinatal Medicine & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. shafferb@obgyn.ucsf.edu
Objective:
We sought to identify associated characteristics of face presentation and to examine factors that were associated with mode of delivery in the setting of face presentation.
Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study of women who were diagnosed with face presentation during labor. We examined maternal, fetal, and labor characteristics to determine the associations and predictors of cesarean delivery.
Results:
Fetuses in face presentation were more likely preterm, < 2500 g, and black. An Apgar score of < 7 at 5 minutes was more common in face presentation (10.9%) compared with vertex presentation (4.4%; P = .018). Rates of umbilical artery base excess < -12 or pH < 7.0 were not different. Cesarean delivery was less common in women who received oxytocin (adjusted odds ratio, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.03-0.95) and in women with mentum anterior (14%) as compared with mentum posterior presentation (85%; P < .001).
Conclusion:
This study confirms the association between face presentation and prematurity. The association with black ethnicity may be related to differences in pelvic anatomy. Although face presentation was associated with decreased Apgar scores, no other indicators of fetal asphyxia were identified. Cesarean delivery rates were higher in women with mentum posterior face presentation and in women who did not receive oxytocin.
More Related Videos
07:12Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation
Published on: August 26, 2016
07:14Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models
Published on: December 23, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances
Self-Presentation
Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation
Routes of Persuasion
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping