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Updated: Aug 9, 2026
Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas
Published on: February 28, 2019
Primary nasal non-Hodgkin lymphomas presented initially as benign disease
Dionysios E Kyrmizakis1, Jiannis K Hajiioannou, Anastasios V Koutsopoulos
1Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. dkyrmiz@yahoo.com
Background:
Primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) of the sinonasal tract comprise a rare entity that constitutes 1.5% of all NHLs and 2.2% of extranodal lymphomas in the whites. Clinical diagnosis may be very challenging because of the variety and low specificity of the presenting symptoms and signs.
Methods-Results:
We present three cases of NHLs, initially diagnosed as benign diseases. All three cases have been eventually correctly diagnosed and treated in our hospital between January 2000 and December 2003. The patients have been under close follow-up from 11 to 36 months after the initial treatment. One of them remains without clinical or radiological evidence of recurrence, whereas the two others died 11 and 16 months after the initial diagnosis.
Conclusion:
It is important to underline that atypical or persistent symptoms of rhinosinusitis may represent the initial expression of a more serious condition such as deep fungal infection, vasculitis, lymphoma, or other malignancy.