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Splenic changes in sickle cell anaemia.

D A Wilson-Okoh1, C A Nwauche, O A Ejele

  • 1Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Nigerian Journal of Medicine : Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
|May 3, 2006
PubMed
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Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) causes spleen enlargement and shrinkage. Monitoring spleen changes in SCA patients is crucial to prevent infections and other severe complications.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The spleen is frequently affected in Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) due to its anatomy and reticuloendothelial functions.
  • These functions include blood cell clearance, infection defense, and acting as a blood cell reservoir.
  • SCA significantly impacts splenic function and structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current information on splenic alterations in Sickle Cell Disease patients.
  • To highlight the specific changes occurring in the spleen within a particular environment.
  • To consolidate knowledge on spleen pathology in SCA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of splenic changes in Sickle Cell Disease.
  • Utilized manual library searches.

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  • Conducted MEDLINE database searches for relevant studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Key splenic changes in SCA include splenomegaly followed by shrinkage (autosplenectomy).
    • Factors contributing to autosplenectomy include irreversible sickle cells, decreased fetal hemoglobin (HbF), and chronic malaria.
    • Clinical complications encompass increased infection susceptibility, splenic sequestration, and hypersplenism.

    Conclusions:

    • Regular monitoring and follow-up of SCA patients are essential.
    • Preventing splenic complications can reduce recurrent crises.
    • Proactive management can decrease mortality rates in SCA.