Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) attenuates macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL

We have previously shown that paraoxonase 1 action on macrophages produced lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and significantly decreased cell-mediated LDL oxidation. Thus, in the present study, we questioned whether LPC can directly inhibit macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL. Addition of increasing LPC concentrations (0-5 microM) to J774A.1 macrophages, mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM), or to human monocytes-derived macrophages (HMDM) resulted in up to 83%, 67%, and 75% inhibition in cell-mediated oxidation of LDL, respectively. The mechanism for this LPC effect involves up to 60% inhibition of superoxide anion release from MPM in response to phorbol ester (PMA), 26% inhibition of PMA-induced NADPH oxidase activation (p47phox translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane), and a 2-fold stimulation of the macrophage paraoxonase 2 (PON2) lactonase activity. We thus conclude that inhibition of macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL by LPC can contribute to attenuation of macrophage foam cell formation and atherosclerotic lesion development.