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Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
Published on: February 11, 2017
Excessive crying beyond 3 months may herald other features of multiple regulatory problems
Rüdiger von Kries1, Helen Kalies, Mechthild Papousek
1Division of Pediatric Epidemiology at the Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. prof.von.kries@gmx.de
Insights
Persistent infant crying beyond six months is linked to increased sleep and eating problems. Early identification and support for parents are crucial for managing these regulatory issues.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Excessive infant crying is a common concern for parents.
- Understanding its long-term impact on infant development is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the duration of excessive crying in infants.
- To examine the relationship between prolonged crying and sleep/eating disturbances.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional population-based study in Germany.
- Utilized random digit-dialing survey of birth cohorts (1999-2003).
- Assessed excessive crying (modified Wessel's criteria) and severe eating/sleeping problems in children up to 4 years.
Main Results:
- Prevalence of excessive crying was 16.3%; beyond 3 months was 5.8%; beyond 6 months was 2.5%.
- Crying beyond 6 months significantly increased the prevalence of eating disorders (19.1%) and sleeping disorders (12.8%).
- Crying only in the first 3 months did not correlate with increased disturbances.
Conclusions:
- Prolonged infant crying beyond six months is associated with higher rates of eating and sleeping difficulties.
- Parents of infants with persistent crying require comprehensive support for regulatory problems.
Objective:
To assess duration of excessive crying and its relation to sleep and eating disturbances in a population sample of infants.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Random digit-dialing survey, enrolling birth cohorts between 1999 and 2003, in Germany.
Participants:
Children aged 4 years and younger.
Main Exposures:
Excessive crying, retrospectively ascertained according to modified Wessel's criteria, and duration of excessive crying.
Main Outcome Measures:
Severe eating or sleeping problems at interview.
Results:
The participation rate in the random digit-dialing survey was 62%. The analysis was confined to 1865 children with complete data. The observed prevalence for excessive crying ever was 16.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.7-18.1), beyond 3 months 5.8% (95% CI, 4.8-6.9), and beyond 6 months 2.5% (95% CI, 1.9-3.3). Excessive crying only in the first 3 months did not increase the prevalence of sleep or eating disturbances whereas crying beyond 6 months did; prevalence of eating disorders was 19.1% (95% CI, 9.1-33.3) and prevalence of sleeping disorders was 12.8% (95% CI, 4.8-25.7) compared with 2.7% (95% CI, 1.9-3.6) and 3.6% (95% CI, 2.7-4.6), respectively, in children without excessive crying.
Conclusions:
Persistence of crying beyond the first 6 months heralded a higher prevalence of eating or sleeping difficulties in children with excessive crying than in children without excessive crying. These parents should be offered support and counseling over a broader spectrum of features related to multiple regulatory problems.
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