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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Investigation of RNA Synthesis Using 5-Bromouridine Labelling and Immunoprecipitation
09:59

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Published on: May 3, 2018

Paradoxical Effect of Actinomycin D: Regulation of Synthesis of Wound RNase at Translation in Turnip Tissue.

J A Sacher1, E J Morgan, D De Larosa

  • 1Department of Biology, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032.

Plant Physiology
|September 1, 1975
PubMed
Summary

Tissue cutting in white turnip induces ribonuclease (RNase) activity via new synthesis. Actinomycin D can inhibit or super-induce RNase, suggesting regulation at the translation level by a long-lived messenger RNA.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry
  • Molecular biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Tissue damage in plants can trigger specific enzymatic responses.
  • Ribonuclease (RNase) activity is crucial in various cellular processes, including RNA metabolism and plant defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating RNase activity induction after tissue cutting in white turnip.
  • To elucidate the role of de novo synthesis and gene expression in RNase activity changes.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of RNase activity in white turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) tissue sections.
  • Treatment with cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis.
  • Treatment with D2O to assess de novo synthesis via buoyant density shifts.
  • Treatment with Actinomycin D at different time points to study its effect on RNase induction and degradation.

Main Results:

  • Cutting induced RNase activity, peaking at 4-7 hours, with increased buoyant density indicating de novo synthesis.
  • Cycloheximide inhibited RNase induction, while Actinomycin D inhibited induction only if applied early, causing super-induction later.
  • RNase degradation rates remained constant, suggesting regulation occurs at the synthesis level.

Conclusions:

  • RNase activity induction is regulated at the translational level, likely involving a repressor protein synthesized from a long-lived messenger RNA.
  • Actinomycin D's super-induction effect is explained by the inhibition of repressor synthesis or differential mRNA stability, favoring the translation of RNase-specific mRNA.